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Members of the ICANN 2020 Nominating Committee

This page contains biographical information about each Nominating Committee member.

Members of the Committee

The members of the 2020 Nominating Committee are: Jay Sudowski (Chair), Ole Jacobsen (Chair Elect), Damon Ashcraft (Associate Chair), Pankaj Chaturvedi, Amrita Choudhury, Kristine Dorrain, Hadia Elminiawi, Michael Graham, Caroline Greer, Tracy Hackshaw, Wolfgang Kleinwächter, Peter Koch, Annebeth Lange, Marie-Noemie Marques, Glenn McKnight, Paul Mitchel, Lawrence Olawale-Roberts, Amir Qayyum, Chris Roosenraad, and Erich Schweighofer.

2020 NomCom Leadership Team

Jay Sudowski – Chair

Jay Sudowski

Jay Sudowski has been involved in the Internet Infrastructure industry since the late 1990s. In the early 2000s, he founded Handy Networks, a data center and managed services company based in Denver, Colorado and he is presently the CEO.

Additionally, Jay has two other small businesses, one in the technology industry and one in the food services industry. He also serves on the board of the Adoption Exchange and the i2Coalition. Jay has been involved in the Internet Governance world since 2013.

Ole Jacobsen – Chair Elect

Ole Jacobsen

Ole J. Jacobsen is the Editor and Publisher of The Internet Protocol Journal, a quarterly publication on all aspects of Internet technology (http://protocoljournal.org). He has been active in the computer networking field since 1976 when he went to work for the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, an early ARPANET site. Ole was with Interop Company (now part of UBM Tech) from shortly after its formation in 1987 until 1998. He was the Editor and Publisher of ConneXions--The Interoperability Report, a monthly technical journal in the field of computer communications, published by Interop Company.

Jacobsen holds a bachelor's in electrical engineering and computing science from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

He serves on the board of the Asia Pacific Network Operators Group (APNOG) (https://apnog.org/), which hosts the annual APRICOT conference (http://www.apricot.net), and has served as Chair of the Meetings Committee for the IETF Administrative Oversight Committee (IAOC) (https://iaoc.ietf.org/). Ole has also served on several ICANN and IETF nomination committees. In his spare time, Ole organizes pipe organ concerts and demonstration events, see http://organdemo.info

Damon Ashcraft – Associate Chair

Damon Ashcraft

Damon Ashcraft is the current Associate Chair of ICANN's Nominating Committee (NomCom). Damon joined the NomCom in 2015 as a representative from the Intellectual Property Constituency (IPC). He was appointed by the ICANN Board as Chair-Elect of the NomCom for 2018 and as Chair for the 2019 NomCom. Damon's primary objectives as Chair include increasing communications from the NomCom to the ICANN Community and providing more transparency within the NomCom. Damon has been an active volunteer within ICANN since 2015.

Damon has experience with and has sat on the boards of various nonprofit organizations, including his current role as Vice President of the Arizona Bar Foundation in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. The Bar Foundation administers funds for various legal organizations within the state of Arizona that provide free or reduced cost legal services to the indigent. Damon has served on and continues to serve on boards for his church, an affiliate of Habitat for Humanity, and homeowners' associations.

Professionally, he is a partner with the law firm of Snell and Wilmer, LLP in Phoenix, Arizona, USA where he is a member of the firm's intellectual property practice group. His legal practice involves the representation of intellectual property owners in the procurement, enforcement, and monetization of intellectual property. He represents clients in transactions including mergers and acquisitions and liquidity events.

Committee Members

(listed in alphabetical order by family name)

Pankaj Chaturvedi – Address Supporting Organization Representative

Pankaj Chaturvedi

Pankaj Chaturvedi has over 30 years of experience heading different roles in technology and business as part of his various assignments. Currently he works at Dishnet Wireless Limited, a telecom operator in India, and manages Enterprise and Long Distance Business. He also holds the position of Treasurer at the Internet Service Providers Association of India. He is part of the Organization Committee of the Indian Network Operators Group (INNOG). He has served as Secretary of the Internet Society (ISOC) Delhi Chapter and is an active participant in meetings held by the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), the International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the South Asian Network Operators Group (SANOG), and the Indian Network Operators Group (INNOG).

Pankaj has been actively associated with the Internet Service Provider (ISP) community for two decades. He works closely with licensors and regulators in India and works towards resolving the issues of the ISP community based on various discussions and consensus.

Pankaj started his career with Uptron India Limited, where he was managing mainframe installations of government clients. He worked with Blue Start Limited, where he was responsible for datacom equipment sales and support, which included datacryptors, modems, and host security modules. He joined the ISP industry in 2000 when he joined Primus Telecommunications, an Enterprise Wireless ISP. In 2005 he joined Dishnet Wireless Ltd., where he is responsible for the enterprise and wholesale voice business.

Pankaj holds a bachelor of technology degree in electronics and communication engineering from Guru Nanak Dev University. Linkedin: Pankaj Chaturvedi https://www.linkedin.com/in/pankaj-chaturvedi-ab43978/

Amrita Choudhury – ALAC Representative; Asia/Australia/Pacific Region

Amrita Choudhury

Amrita Choudhury is the Director of the Cyber Café Association of India (CCAOI) [ccaoi.in], a platform responsible for representing the interests of public Internet access points (cybercafes, CSCs, kiosk providers), service and content providers, and connected and unconnected Internet users.

She serves as the President of Internet Society India, Delhi Chapter, and heads the Asia Pacific Women Special Interest Group at Internet Society. Amrita is an active member and contributor to national, regional, and global Internet Governance (IG) platforms. She contributes to the Multistakeholder Steering Group (MSG) at the Asia Pacific Internet Governance Forum (AprIGF); is an At-Large and ICANN fellow and coach; and is a member of the Best Practice Forum for Women (BPF Women) at the Internet Governance Forum (IGF). She is one of the founding members of the India School of Internet Governance (inSIG); an active participant in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF); and curates for the Geneva Internet Platform. She also advises and guides Youth@IGF, a youth outreach initiative in India.

Amrita has been conducting studies and research on various IG topics (e.g., the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) transition from the Indian perspective, Indian perspective on Internet Governance, and gender rights online for the Global South). She participates in policy discussions, disseminating information on IG events, initiatives, policies, and opportunities. Amrita is also involved in outreach activities to build community member engagement in IG policy discussions. She curates the first and only Indian IG monthly newsletter and conducts events and seminars.

Kristine Dorrain – Registries Stakeholder Group Representative

Kristine Dorrain

Kristine Dorrain is a lawyer who has delivered legal, policy, and operational excellence in the domain name and intellectual property industries for over 15 years. She is currently Senior Corporate Counsel for Amazon in two roles. She advises Amazon Registry Services, Inc. on legal and policy issues related to Amazon's 52 new generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD) registries. She also manages Amazon's corporate domains team, directing the development and implementation of an effective global registration and brand enforcement strategy for Amazon.

Kristine is an active participant in ICANN. Because Amazon's interests include protecting intellectual property in the domain name system, launching 44 generic (including Internationalized Doman Names) and eight brand registries, and operating Amazon Web Service's Route 53 registrar, Kristine is highly aware of the complexity of stakeholder issues and the importance of enhancing the multistakeholder model in order to preserve the stability of a globally-interoperable Internet. She has attended more than 20 ICANN meetings since 2007, has led various working groups and projects, and is an Executive Committee member of the Registries Stakeholder group. She also participates in policy development process (PDP) working groups, including Subsequent Procedures and Rights Protection Mechanisms.

Before joining Amazon, Kristine was Director of Arbitration and Legal Counsel for Forum, where she managed Forum's arbitration and mediation programs, particularly those associated with ICANN's various policies, such as the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) and the Uniform Rapid Suspension System (URS). She was also an adjunct professor at the William Mitchell College of Law.

Hadia Elminiawi – ALAC Representative; Africa Region

Hadia Elminiawi

Hadia Elminiawi is the Director of the DNS–Entrepreneurship Center (DNS-EC), founded by the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of Egypt and ICANN to foster the domain name industry in Africa and the Middle East. Hadia has spent most of her career in Internet development leadership roles. In 1995 Hadia joined the Egyptian Universities Network, one of Egypt's Internet gateways at the time and Egypt's top-level domain. During her tenure at the Egyptian Universities Network, Hadia played a major role in helping academic sites design and implement their own networks and connect to the Internet. Hadia worked on the implementation of enhancements to existing systems and helped in developing and setting the .eg registry policies as well as developing users' documentation and training material. Throughout her 14 years at the Egyptian Universities Network, Hadia has taken many roles and responsibilities, such as Technical Operations Manager for .eg registry, IPv6 Project Manager, and Foreign Relations Manager. In 2014, Hadia joined the National Hungarian Trading House in Budapest as Deputy to the Director of the Arab Countries Department and later as acting Director.

From 2017 until 2019, Hadia served as a council member of the At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC), representing the interests of Internet users in Africa and advocating for At-Large polices and end users' interests. Hadia is involved in many ICANN policy development activities--she is a member of the Expedited Policy Development Process (EPDP) Team for gTLD registration data representing the interests of end users and a member of several ICANN working groups like the Middle East Strategy Working Group (MESWG). Hadia is also interested in Internet governance. She proposed and organized a session at the Africa IGF in 2017, and has been a panelist and speaker on the subject in several ICANN activities.

Hadia has always been interested and involved in volunteer and community-based work. She was a member of a project to develop 100 Egyptian schools in Giza, Egypt, and a board member from 2009 to 2011 of one of the schools under development. Hadia was also a board member of the American International School in Budapest from 2012 until June 2015, Chairperson of the IT subcommittee, a member of the Strategic Planning Committee and the Governance Committee. Since 2015, Hadia has been a Board Member of the Egyptian Diplomats' Spouses Association and Chairperson of the Charity Committee.

Hadia holds a master's degree in management and leadership from Szent Istvan University in Hungary, a diploma in engineering management, and a bachelor's in electronics and communication engineering from the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.

Michael Graham – Intellectual Property Constituency

Michael Graham

Michael Graham is the Senior Corporate Counsel and Global Director of Intellectual Property with Expedia, Inc. He has over 28 years of experience in trademark, copyright, Internet, and related intellectual property law. He joined Expedia in 2014 after 21 years as a partner at Chicago intellectual property (IP) law firm Marshall, Gerstein, & Borun, LLP, where he established one of the earliest Internet IP legal practices. He previously practiced at Brinks, Hofer, Gilson, & Lione, was the founder of Gnosis IP law, and served as Co-Director of DePaul University College of Law's Technology and Intellectual Property Clinic. He is an active member of the International Trademark Association (INTA) and a member of INTA's Board of Directors.

Michael's legal practice has included a broad range of cyberlaw issues since 1995, including work on the Memorandum of Understanding regarding domain name disputes, as well as copyright and trademark matters. He has participated actively in ICANN since 2012 as a member of the Intellectual Property Constituency (IPC) of the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO), and has been a member of several working groups and policy development process (PDP) working groups including the Competition, Consumer Trust, and Consumer Choice (CCT) working group, the CCT Implementation Advisory working group that developed metrics and directed the research efforts necessary to support the CCT Review Team. He also served as Vice Chair of the Policy and Implementation Non-PDP Working Group, which developed definitions and policies to guide its work, future ICANN policy, and implementation development, including the Expedited PDP and Implementation Review processes. He is currently a member of the Rights Protection Mechanism Review PDP. Michael is also a musician, national ski patroller, and music festival volunteer with a passion for travel, the outdoors, and family.

Caroline Greer – Registrars Stakeholder Group Representative

Caroline Greer

Caroline Greer is Head of European Public Policy for Cloudflare, a cybersecurity and web performance company and a domain name registrar. Based in Brussels, Caroline covers a wide range of policy and regulatory issues related to Cloudflare's mission of helping to build a better Internet.

Prior to joining Cloudflare, Caroline worked for a number of domain name registries and has been a participant in the ICANN community since 2005, including on a previous Nominating Committee and the GNSO Council. Caroline also held positions with the telecoms trade association the European Telecommunications Network Operators Association (ETNO), the Irish Government, and Irish telecoms regulator.

Caroline has a law and Spanish degree from Queen's University, Belfast, and an MBA from the University of Ulster.

Tracy Hackshaw – ALAC Representative; Latin America/Caribbean Region

Tracy Hackshaw

Tracy Hackshaw is an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Digital Economy Strategist possessing close to 25 years in local, regional, and international experience, spanning work in the public and private sectors where he has been integrally involved in the design and implementation of several award-winning digital initiatives. Tracy has represented Trinidad and Tobago in various international forums, including at the 2016 G77 Meeting of Experts on ICTs and Sustainable Development for South-South Cooperation, the Executive Management Committee of the Commonwealth Cybercrime Initiative, a two-year term as Vice Chair of ICANN's Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC), and Small Island Developing States' (SIDS) annual workshop coordination at the United Nations Internet Governance Forum.

Following his two-year term as Vice Chair of the GAC, Tracy Co-Chaired the GAC Underserved Regions Working Group, focusing on capacity building within developing and emerging economies, primarily in Africa, the Caribbean, and Pacific regions, and was Project Lead on the GAC Technology Task Force. He also participated as a community mentor in ICANN's Pilot Community Onboarding Program, a role which he performed from ICANN55 through ICANN59. In 2018, he was selected to serve as the Latin American and Caribbean Regional At-Large member on the 2019 ICANN Nominating Committee and was reselected for 2020.

In addition to professional leadership roles within several public and private sector entities, where he was appointed to several national committees and task forces, Tracy has conducted academic teaching and research work at DiploFoundation at the University of Malta, where he is currently a member of the teaching and research faculty, and at The University of the West Indies, where he received a First Class Honors Degree in sociology and psychology. Since graduation, Tracy has continued his postgraduate learning path at Royal Holloway College, the University of London, the National University of Singapore, and recently completed a master's degree in entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprise management at the Arthur Lok Jack Global School of Business in 2019.

He is a Director of the Trinidad and Tobago Multistakeholder Advisory Group, which convened at the inaugural Trinidad and Tobago Internet Governance Forum (TTIGF) in January 2017. Tracy is the founding Vice Chair of the Internet Society Trinidad and Tobago Chapter (2011-17) and was elected as its Chair from 2017 until 2019.

Most recently in 2018, following his second year (2016-17) serving as Internet Society's Expert Moderator and Coach/Mentor to ISOC's Youth@IGF, Tracy was asked to serve on the Board of the Digital Grassroots Youth Initiative. In June 2018, Tracy, along with several other stakeholders from the Caribbean and Pacific regions, received recognition from the United Nations Internet Governance Forum for the establishment of the Dynamic Coalition on Small Island Developing States in the Internet Economy (DC-SIDS).

Wolfgang Kleinwächter – Non-Commercial Users Constituency Representative

Wolfgang Kleinwächter

Wolfgang Kleinwächter is a Professor Emeritus from the University of Aarhus in Denmark where he has taught a graduate course on Internet Policy and Regulation since 1998. He is also a Commissioner in the Global Commission on Stability in Cyberspace (GCSC).

Wolfgang has been involved in Internet Governance issues since the early 1990s. He was a member of the United Nations Working Group on Internet Governance (2003-2005), appointed by then-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, Special Adviser to the Chair of the Internet Governance Forum (2005-2010), Nitin Desai, and Special Ambassador of the Net Mundial Initiative (NMI).

He has been involved in ICANN since 1998. He was a member of the ICANN Board of Directors from 2013-2015, has chaired the Nominating Committee (NomCom), and represented the Non-Commercial Users Constituency (NCUC) in the GNSO Council from 2011-2013. In 2018, he was appointed to serve in ICANN's oversight body, the Accountability and Transparency Review (ATRT) Team 3.

In the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) process he was a member of the WSIS Civil Society Bureau, Co-Chair of the Civil Society Internet Governance Caucus, and a member of the UNCSTD IGF Improvement Working Group. He is a co-founder of the European Dialogue on Internet Governance (EURODIG), the Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GIGANET), and the ICANN Studienkreis (Study Group). He has served on numerous committees and contributed as chair, rapporteur, and panelist to numerous intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, such as the UN, UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the International Telecommunications Union, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Economic Forum, Munich Security Conference, and others. 

In 2009, the Council of Europe (COE) appointed him to chair the Cross-Border Internet Expert Group, which drafted the Declaration on Universal Principles in Internet Governance, adopted by the COE Ministerial Meeting in 2011. In the EU, he chaired the Coordination Committee of the European Interregional Information Society Initiative (IRIS) from 1994-1998, the Internet Governance Subgroup of the EU Task Force on the Internet of Things (IOT) from 2010-2012, and was on the evaluation team of the EU's Safer Internet Action Program (SIAP) from 2005-2007. From 2007 to 2012, he was a member of the Steering Board of the EU-FP7 research project titled Next Generation Internet/EURO-NF.

He received his Dr. rer. pol. and Dr. habil. from the University of Leipzig, where he taught until 1992 at the Institute for International Studies. Before moving to the University of Aarhus, he taught at the University of Tampere, Finland); the University of Oerebro, Sweden; and the School of International Services (SIS) at American University in Washington, D.C. from 1993 – 1995. In the academic world, Wolfgang served from 1988 to 2012 as a voting member of the International Council of the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR), where he chaired the IAMCR Law Section for more than ten years. He is the founder and Chair of the European Summer School on Internet Governance (EURO-SSIG), is a member of various editorial boards of academic journals, has testified in hearings in the Deutsche Bundestag and the European Parliament, and has published and edited more than 200 articles and 12 books. One of his latest publications was "Internet Fragmentation: An Overview," published by the World Economic Forum (co-authored by Vint Cerf and William Drake) in 2017. His Internet Governance blog is under Circle ID (http://www.circleid.com/members/5851/).

In 2012, he received the Internet Award from the German Internet Economy Association (eco).

Peter Koch – IAB for IETF Representative

Peter Koch

Peter Koch is DENIC's Senior Policy Advisor, interfacing between all of tech, policy, and regulation. He looks back to 25 years of experience on the Internet and in the DNS world. Peter Koch has been a long time active participantpartcipant in international bodies like RIPE, OARC, CENTR, IETF, ISOC, and ICANN and also represents DENIC in various national circles.

He currently focuses on Internet Governance, security and regulation of infrastructure, with special attention to the development and protection of the Internet's identifier system.

Peter Koch serves as Chairman of the Board of ISOC.DE e.V., the German Chapter of the Internet Society.

Annebeth Lange – ccNSO Representative

Annebeth Lange

Annebeth Lange, a lawyer by profession, has been involved in the work of ICANN and the Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) for quite some years, both from the government and the ccTLD side. She was recently appointed by the ccNSO as a member of the 2020 Nominating Committee (NomCom). In a previous role with the Norwegian government, Annebeth represented Norway in ITU meetings, following the WSIS process, and other meetings under the UN umbrella. She was the .no GAC representative for seven years. Since Annebeth started working for the Norwegian ccTLD in 2007, she has been active in the ccNSO and in the ICANN community, especially within the new gTLD program, working to find solutions for geographical names as TLDs. She has also expanded her experience by working closely with the At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC) and the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO). In 2012 she became acting co-chair in the ICANN Study Group, followed by the Cross Community Working Group. Presently, Annebeth is in the Subsequent Procedures Policy Development Process Group, Work Track 5. She believes in ICANN and the future of the Internet. ICANN has been an important part of Annebeth's life since 2000. It has always been, and still is, of vital importance to her that the mission of ICANN, the multistakeholder model, and the work accomplished by the organization continues. The task of finding the right persons for the leadership positions in ICANN is, in Annebeth's view, vital for continued success. With her long and varied experience and participation at different levels in the ICANN community, and in the Internet community as a whole, she hopes to be in a position to contribute to that. Annebeth said she likes to think that she is considered a person of neutrality, integrity, and objectivity that takes all views into consideration when being part of decision-making, while taking care of the interests of ccNSO at the same time. She has a wide net of contacts in Norway and internationally. In the future, Annebeth wants to use her experience to contribute to the success of ICANN.

Marie-Noémie Marques - ISPCP Constituency Representative

Marie-Noémie Marques

Marie-Noémie is currently responsible for issues concerning Internet Governance at the Orange Group. She has been participating in IGF and has been active in ICANN meetings since 2016 and is a member of the Internet Service Providers and Connectivity Providers (ISPCP) Constituency. Marie-Noémie has also contributed work to the CCWG Accountability-Diversity Subgroup. She is in charge of follow-up trade negotiations regarding telecommunications and corresponding regulatory issues, with a particular focus on the digital economy and its challenges.

Marie-Noémie has over twenty-five years of experience working on telecommunications and regulation. She has been involved in the development and advancement of a number of policies related to the electronic communications' framework at Wanadoo, France Telecom and Orange group. She has a diploma in Technical Sciences of Information and Communication, a Master degree in Spanish and a PhD in History of International Relations from La Sorbonne University, Paris.

Glenn McKnight – ALAC Representative – North America Region

Glenn McKnight

Glenn's Internet Governance experience includes being the co-founder and Project Coordinator at the North American School of Governance. He is the creator of the online course Introduction to Internet Governance and the curator of the Internet Governance Hub blog, as well as co-administrator for the Internet Governance Hub on Facebook.

Glenn has been involved with ICANN since 2009. He has held various positions, including as former NomCom, North American Regional At-Large Organization (NARALO) Chair, NARALO Secretariat, and as an ALAC member. In addition, he is the co-founder of ISOC Canada and currently sits on the ISOC Board of Trustees. He is the ISOC NomCom Chair for 2018.

Glenn lives in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, and is active in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Humanitarian Activities and the Canadian Victory Garden.

Paul Mitchell – Commercial and Business Users Constituency (Large) Representative

Paul Mitchell

In his 28 years with Microsoft, Paul has held diverse roles spanning numerous products and technologies, including Microsoft's first C++ development system, the launch of MSN, Microsoft's digital television platforms including Mediaroom (now owned by Ericsson), numerous media standards, digital rights management systems for content protection, and wireless technologies. Mr. Mitchell leads Microsoft's engagement strategy with the International Telecommunication Union.

He holds 14 issued US patents related to wireless communications and has 11 pending. He led the team that developed Microsoft's TV White Space trial programs with the goal of making Internet access possible for those that remain unconnected today, and he was responsible for Microsoft's spectrum observatory project, which has now transitioned to the University of Washington and National Science Foundation as an open platform for spectrum studies.

He is currently a member of the US International Telecommunication Advisory Committee for the 2016-2018 term and also serves as a Commissioner on the ITU/UNESCO Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. He previously served on the board of directors of BET.com as well as Vision TV and SVOX in Canada. He holds an MPA from, and is on the advisory board for, the Evans School of Public Policy and Governance at the University of Washington.

Lawrence Olawale-Roberts – Commercial and Business Users Constituency (Small) Representative

Lawrence Olawale-Roberts

Lawrence Olawale-Roberts is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer at MicroBoss, a premier Internet service and technology solutions company headquartered in Abuja, Nigeria. His top goal is to grow the company into one of the leading global technology services companies while satisfying the most advanced and demanding client needs in the African subregion – thriving as network aggregators and enterprise application developers, and specializing in training, capacity development, and brand management amidst other professional services.

Bearing vast experience in business and management, Lawrence is an ICT technocrat, start-up innovator, incubation evangelist, and mentor. Selflessly representing the voice for business of African descent at global forums and public events, he also wears the prestigious badge of an ICANN Fellow and is an active member of the Business Constituency (BC) of ICANN. Lawrence has been actively involved in the Internet governance space for years.

For four years and eight months, he served as the Special Assistant to the Commissioner, representing the Southwest of Nigeria, on the Fiscal Responsibility Commission under the presidency of Nigeria, just after a short stint as the Operations Manager of a mid-sized oil servicing company, Webb Energy. Lawrence has had the rare privilege of working at top management positions in government, the petroleum sector of Nigeria, and with international faith-based organization Youth for Christ International (YFC). He is an alumnus of the Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Delta State where he graduated as an electrical electronics engineer and is well-traveled.

Follow Lawrence on Twitter @Lawrenceraves

Amir Qayyum – RSSAC Representative

Amir Qayyum

Amir Qayyum is a professor and the Dean of the Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC) at Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad. He received his PhD in mobile wireless networks from the University of Paris-Sud, France. Since 1997, he has been actively involved with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and is the co-author of a Request for Comments (RFC) on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). He has been involved with ICANN since 2012, initially as an ICANN Fellow, then as the At-Large Structure (ALS) Coordinator. Amir served as a member of the ICANN Nominating Committee from 2014-2017, representing APRALO-ALAC. He is a member of the Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC) Caucus, and has served as a member of the Fellowship Selection Committee since 2018. Dr. Qayyum is also the Chair of the Board of Directors of the ISOC Islamabad Chapter (2014-2019) and is one of the founding members. He is on the Member Board of Directors of the Pakistan Internet Exchange (PKIX). He has been actively involved with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) activities since 2004, and is currently serving as the Chair, IEEE Islamabad Section (2017-2020). He has also served as the Chair of Professional Activities (2014-2016), the Chair of the IEEE Computer Society Islamabad Chapter (2009-2014), and as the Secretary and Treasurer of the section (2011-2013).

He is the founding Director of the Center of Research in Networks and Telecom (CoReNeT) and is the Project Director of many national and international funded research and development projects in the domain of wired and wireless networks. He is a founding member of the Board of Directors of the Pak France Alumni Network (PFAN). He is also a philanthropist and actively involved in community service and social work. Amir is the Chair of the Board of Trustees of Rifah Trust (for education, health care and community service), a member of the Board of Trustees of Ehsas Trust (for education), and a member of the Board of Directors of the Meethi Zindagi Foundation (for health care of diabetic patients).

Chris Roosenraad – SSAC Representative

Chris Roosenraad

Chris is an Information Security Officer with extensive experience in the design and operation of high-speed residential networks. He has built some of the first Internet over cable networks in both the United States and Europe, direct product and operations for UltraDNS, and he currently works for a large US-based financial institution. He is experienced with the technical, policy, and operational issues that go into running the Internet in all its many forms (ISP, supporting infrastructure, and consumer services).

Chris' participation at ICANN has come through membership in the Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC). As part of SSAC, Chris advises the ICANN Board and larger community on matters pertaining to the security and integrity of the Internet naming and addressing system. In addition to his work with ICANN, Chris has an extensive background of Internet-related volunteer work: Treasurer of the Technology Coalition, a group that works against online child sexual exploitation; Chairman Emeritus of the Messaging/Mobile/Malware Anti-Abuse Working Group (M3AAWG); Technical Advisor, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC). In addition, Chris is an adjunct professor of computer science at his alma mater, Williams College.

Erich Schweighofer – ALAC Representative; Europe Region

Erich Schweighofer

Erich Schweighofer is a Professor at the University of Vienna and head of the research group on legal informatics. He studied and holds degrees in law, informatics, economics, and international relations. His interdisciplinary teaching and research focuses on computers and law, international and European law; in particular, legal information systems, legal tech, artificial intelligence (AI) and law, internet governance, data protection, telecommunications law, and competition law.

He is the main organizer of the International Law Informatics Symposium IRIS (www.univie.ac.at/RI/IRIS2019) and co-editor of the journal Jusletter IT (www.jusletter-it.eu).

Eric has extensive experience in legal informatics projects, in particular knowledge representation and data protection.

He has co-written about 10 books, co-edited over 40 books, and published about 200 articles and conference contributions. "Legal Knowledge Representation in International and European Law," published in 1999, was one of the first works on the digitalization of law.

Besides his university activities, Erich has extensive practice in administration, including the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1989-90, the Federal Academy of Public Administration from 1998-2000, and the European Commission from 2002-2007.

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."